Wow, you are very lucky! I can only dream that my dad could have a job where he could work in Iceland. I am 17, and though I've not been to Iceland myself, I have researched quite extensively on the country, as I want to move there very soon. Possibly even next year once I graduate from high school! :)
1. The weather is actually not nearly as bad as the country's name would lead you to believe. There's something called the Gulf Stream that affects Iceland's climate, allowing it to be very mild and enjoyable in the spring/summer, and only moderately cold in the winter. Reykjavík is usually nowhere near as cold as New York City is in the winter, and is much cooler in the summer. No need to fret about heat waves.
2. Pretty much everyone speaks excellent English, and they are likely to be perfectly fine, maybe even excited, to practise speaking it with you. Icelandic is supposedly not that difficult to speak. I am trying to learn it now by reading books, watching movies/TV programmes and listening to amazing a Icelandic music and language learning software.
It will likely be easy for you to pick up, being immersed in the language, especially since you're young.
3. From what I have seen, Icelanders do not mind people from the US at all. They are very warm and welcoming people as a whole. Whilst Iceland isn't exactly the most racially diverse place in the world, there are plenty of people that aren't blonde or red-haired. You won't stand out, at least not in a bad way! Just buy a beautiful Icelandic wool sweater, called a lopapeysa (they are warm, soft and actually kind of waterproof), and you'll blend right in. ;)
4. Iceland definitely has the same technology. Like others have said, Iceland is even more technologically advanced than the US is. They have one of the highest internet connectivity rates per capita in the world (second only to the Faroe Islands now). The internet is very fast at home, and there's 4G LTE phone service too. Iceland uses the European standard plugs, so just buy some adapters from the Apple store and you'll be fine. Iceland does not have an official Apple store, but they have Apple-approved stores that sell only Apple products, and they get all of the latest models pretty much at the same time as the rest of Europe does. Iceland also has one of the highest percentages of Apple product usage, so you'll find many more people prefer Macs to PCs (woohoo!). Absolutely no issue there.
5. Judging from their Spotify top charts, the kids there will likely love the same music as you do, and the same shows too. They get all of the popular US shows, and many more from the UK and the rest of Europe too, so maybe you'll even broaden your horizons and find some new ones you like too!
Iceland has an incredible music scene with something for everyone. Of Monsters and Men has been very popular around the world recently, and there's a bunch of others like Hjaltalín, Múm, Sigur Rós, Björk, Sóley, Ólafur Arnalds, Samaris, Ásgeir Trausti (he's become very famous recently too), and loads more. If your parents are willing, Iceland Airwaves is a huge music festival that happens across Reykjavík that's definitely worth checking out.
The food is something I have only a little bit of experience with, but from what I have tried, it's wonderful. Iceland, like the rest of Europe, favours more natural and organic foods, which just means that a lot of what they sell and make will be much less heavily-processed and will contain much less chemicals. This is definitely a good thing for everyone, and I promise it doesn't taste bad just because it's organic. ;)
Some of their best foods are skyr, which is a very thick yogurt (thicker than Greek yogurt), and many people find they love it. They also have delicious pancakes, filled with whipped cream and jam (think crêpes, but better). Their dairy products are very high-quality due to the cows eating a diet that most cows can only dream of, which is really just grass. The same goes for chicken's eggs too. Their candy is very good, including their chocolate. Their produce is also mostly free of nasty chemicals too.
6. Iceland has one of the highest quality of life ratings on Earth, far higher than the US does. They have very clean air to breath, crystal-clear water, they only use clean, natural renewable energy, they have high wages, free healthcare and education (both of which are excellent quality), lots of paid vacation time, lots of paid leave for pregnancies, they're a very free country (high freedom of speech, equal marriage, etc - in short they are very much ahead of the rest of the world in many regards), it's a very easy country to travel across (best road trip country ever), and there's lots more you'll discover when you get there. There's really a sense that the country genuinely cares for it's people and wants the best for them that you don't see anywhere else, simply because the population in Iceland is a wonderfully-small p, easy to manage size, but not small enough that you ever get bored and feel like you've met everyone.
You will be able to attend one of Iceland's excellent universities for merely a small registration fee if you become a citizen, and will be able to get a great degree in whatever you choose. Iceland has a very low unemployment rate, and you should be able to get a good job and live a wonderful life there in the future.
Oh, and the scenery. That's the biggest thing. Iceland is arguably the most breathtakingly beautiful country in the world (lots of 'in the world's, I know, but it's true). The scenery is absolutely gorgeous. When you see it, you may never want to leave, because it is just so wonderful and there is an endless amount of things to see and do. It is an easy country to lead a healthy lifestyle in if you enjoy hiking and things like that.
Only you will know if you like it, but I have a feeling you will. I certainly know I am going to love it when I move there! You may want to go back to the US and Canada to visit once in a while, and definitely visit the European continent as well (lots to explore there, where I have been before), but I have a feeling your heart will stay in Icleand. :)
Best of luck to you and your family! You will never regret this move, I assure you. :)